Henry Darcy and His Law
References
Henry Darcy (1803-1858)
by
Glenn Brown
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
updated 9/03/03
Henry Darcy Main
Books and Articles
- Biswas, A. (1970). History of Hydrology.
North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-London. (p. 288-291,
308-310, 314, 319). (Biswas discusses Darcy's role in hydraulics
and ground-water hydrology. He credits Darcy with insight into
infiltration, seasonal ground-water variations, and artesian
wells.)
- Bobeck, P. (2003). Henry Darcy and the
Public Fountains of the City of Dijon, in Henry P. G. Darcy
and Other Pioneers in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration
of the 200th Birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O.
Brown, J.D. Garbrecht, and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA.
pg. 37-50.
- Brown, G., (2001). Darcy and the Pitot
tube, in International Engineering History and Heritage,
J. R. Rogers and A. J. Fredrich eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, pg. 360-366.
(A discription of Darcy's work on the Pitot tube.)
- Brown, G. O., (2002). Henry Darcy and
the making of a law. Water Resources Research, 38(7) doi:10.1029/2001WR000727.
(Reviews the process of Darcy's discovery.)
- Brown, G. O., (2002). The history of the
Darcy-Weisbach equation for pipe flow resistance, in Environmental
and Water Resources History, A. Fredrich, and J. Rogers eds.,
ASCE, Reston, VA, pg. 34-43. (A overview of the D-W equation
and the various contributors.)
- Brown, G., Rogers, J. and Garbrecht, J.
(2000). "Task Committee Planning: Darcy Memorial Symposium
on the History of Hydraulics". Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,
126(11):799-801. (This paper revisits Darcy's contribution
in hydraulics and the spelling of his first name.)
- Brown, G. O., J. D. Garbrecht, and W.
H. Hager (eds), (2003), Henry P. G. Darcy and Other Pioneers
in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of the 200th Birthday
of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, ASCE, Reston, VA. 310 pg.
- Brown, G. O., 2003. Henry Darcy's perfection
of the Pitot tube, in Henry P. G. Darcy and Other Pioneers
in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of the 200th Birthday
of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O. Brown, J.D. Garbrecht,
and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA. pg. 14-23.
- Brown, G. O. and W. H. Hager, 2003, Note:
Spell it "Henry Darcy", in Henry P. G. Darcy and
Other Pioneers in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of
the 200th Birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O.
Brown, J.D. Garbrecht, and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA,
pg. 1-3.
- Darcy, H. (1834). Rapport à
Le Maire et au Conseil Municipal, de Dijon, sur les Moyens de
Fournir L'Eau Nécessaire à cette Ville. Douillier,
Dijon. ("Report to the Mayor and the Town Council of
Dijon on the Means of Providing Necessary Water to the City",
is the planning document which lead to the construction of the
Dijon water supply.)
- Darcy, H. (1850). "Rapport à
M. le Ministre des Travaux Publics, sur le pavage et le macadamisage
des chaussées de Londres et de Paris". Annales
des Ponts et Chaussées. Series 2, 10:1-264. ("Report
to the Minister of Public Works on the Paving with Macadam of
Streets in London and Paris". This is a curious report that
contains detailed descriptions and interviews on the construction,
cost, and maintenance of what was the state of the art in paving
systems. It does not contain a single equation, which is unique
for Darcy.)
- Darcy, H. (1856). Les Fontaines Publiques
de la Ville de Dijon. Dalmont, Paris. 647 p. & atlas.
("The Public Fountains of the City of Dijon" is
a lenghy work. The famous Appendix - Note D appears here.")
- Darcy, H. (1857). Recherches Experimentales
Relatives au Mouvement de L'Eau dans les Tuyaux. Mallet-Bachelier,
Paris. 268 p. & atlas. ("Experimental Research Relating
to the Movement of Water in Pipes", presented Darcy's research
on pipe flow resistance and was the first work to suggest the
existence of the boundary layer in fluid flow. This publication
provides the basis for his credit in the "Darcy-Weisbach"
equation, even though Weisbach published before him in 1845.)
- Darcy, H. (1858). "Relative à
quelques modifications à introduire dans le tube de Pitot".
Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, Series 3; 15:351-359.
("Some modificantions introduced to the Pitot tube",
was published just after his death.)
- Darcy, H. (1965). "Appendice - note
D". Translation by J. J. Fried. Water Resources J.,
AWRA. 1:5-11. (Fried performed a partial translation of the
Appendix, Note D and a page of the main text.)
- Darcy, H. (1969). "Détermination
des lois d'écoulement de l'eau à travers le sable".
In The Theory of Ground-Water Motion and Related Papers,
by M. K. Hubbert, Hafner Pub. Co., New York. pp. 287-310. (Reprints
of three papers with corrections, plus a facsimile of Darcy's
Appendix D in French. This is the ultimate theoretical discussion
of Darcy's Law.)
- Darcy, H. (1983). "Determination
of the laws of flow of water through sand". Translation
by R. A. Freeze with comments. In Physical Hydrogeology,
R. A. Freeze et W. Black (eds) Benchmark Papers in Geology, Hutchinson-Ross
72:8-20. (Freeze provides a good translation of the Appendix,
Note D, as part of an excellent collection of early ground-water
papers.)
- Darcy, H. and Bazin, H. (1865). Recherches
Hydrauliques, Enterprises par M. H. Darcy, Imprimerie Nationale,
Paris. 684 p. & atlas. ("Hydraulic Research, Enterprises
by Mr. H. Darcy", was written by Bazin after Darcy's death
and presents the results of experiments orginally designed under
Darcy's supervision.)
- Darcy, H., 2003, Henry Darcy: Inspecteur
général des ponts et chaussées, by Henry
Darcy (V),", in Henry P. G. Darcy and Other Pioneers
in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of the 200th Birthday
of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O. Brown, J.D. Garbrecht,
and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA, pg. 4-13.
- Darcy, P. (1957). Henry Darcy: Inspecteur
Général des Ponts et Chaussées, 1803-1858.
Imprimerie Darantiere, Dijon. 63 p. (Written by a great nephew
using both public and family material. A Paul Darcy also wrote
several books on political and military topics from 1919 to 1933.
Fancher communicated with a Colonel Darcy in 1956. This
book provides some very interesting personal notes. However,
the author makes several technical errors. Allen Freeze graciously
supplied me with a copy of this text. Freeze picked up Paul Darcy's
book in Dijon. It does not appear in any library catalogs.)
- Dumay, V. (1845). Notice Historique
sur L'Établissement des Fontaines Publique de Dijon.
Frantin, Dijon. 108 p. (This book is both a historical note
on the Dijon water system and the nomination for Darcy's membership
to the Dijon Academy of Arts and Sciences.)
- Fancher, G. (1956). "Henry Darcy-engineer
and benefactor of mankind". J. of Petroleum Tech.,
Oct. 12-14. (Written by the Head of the Petroleum Engineering
Department at the University of Texas on the 100 year anniversary
of his equation's publication, this article briefly outlines
Darcy's contributions.)
- Freeze, R. A. (1994). "Henry Darcy
and the fountains of Dijon". Ground Water. 32, 23-30.
(A very nice article that attempts to place Darcy within the
context of his time.)
- Gisonni, C. (2003). "Henry Darcy
and the pipe flow formula", in Henry P. G. Darcy and
Other Pioneers in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of
the 200th Birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O.
Brown, J.D. Garbrecht, and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA.
pg. 24-36.
- Hager, W. (1994). "Die historische
Entwicklung der Fliessformel". Schwiezer Ingenieur und
Architekt. 9(24):123-133. (A general History of fluid
flow equations, this paper has a page on Darcy.)
- Hager, W. (2003). "Henry Darcy: Biography
by Caudemberg, in Henry P. G. Darcy and Other Pioneers in
Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of the 200th Birthday
of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O. Brown, J.D. Garbrecht,
and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA. pg. 51-70.
- Hager, W. H. and Gisonni, C. (2003).
"Henry Bazin: Hydraulician", in Henry P. G. Darcy
and Other Pioneers in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration
of the 200th Birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O.
Brown, J.D. Garbrecht, and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA.
pg. 90-115.
- Isambert, Y. (1965). "Darcy".
Dictionnaire de Biographie Française. R. D'amat
and R. Limouzin-Lamothe (eds), Letouzey et Ané, Paris,
10:166-168. (This short biography is based on Charié-Marsaines.
It is followed by an entry that addresses Darcy's brother, nephew
and great nephew.)
- Levi, E. (1995). The Science of Water,
The Foundation of Modern Hydraulics. ASCE Press, New York.
pp. 161, 174-177, 496-497. (This work briefly touches on some
of Darcy's efforts.)
- Marsaines, C. (1858). "Notice necrologique
sur M. Darcy, Inspecteur Général des Ponts et Chaussées",
Annales des Ponts et Chaussées. Series 3; 15:90-109.
("Obituary of Mr. Darcy, Inspector General of Bridges
and Roads" is a very nice account of Darcy's life written
just after his death.)
- Muteau, C. and Garnier, J. (1858-1860).
"Darcy". Galérie Bourguignonne. J. Picard,
Dijon. ("Galery Burgundian" This citation has not
been verified.)
- Tarbé de St-Hardouin, F. P. H.
(1884). "Darcy". Notices Biographiques sur les Ingénieurs
des Ponts et Chaussées. Baudry & Cie., Paris,
224-226. ("Biographical Notes on the Engineers of Bridges
and Roads" is based on Charié-Marsaines account.)
- Philip, J. R. (1995). "Desperately
seeking Darcy in Dijon". Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:319-324.
(Written by a great soil scientist, this is an acidic article
that points out the City of Dijon has forgotten its favorite
son. I had the privilege to hear Philip deliver this paper orally
in Minneapolis, MN at the SSSA meeting. He was even more caustic
then. Philip got most of his source material from the Bibliothéque
Municipale, Dijon.)
- Rao, K. K. (1968). "The life and
work of Darcy (1803-1858)". Irrigation and Power,
Delhi, India. 25(2): 223-225. (A nice short article on Darcy's
major contributions to hydraulics.)
- Rouse, H. and Ince, S., (1957). History
of Hydraulics. Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, The
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. pp. 169-173, 175, 178, 191,
201, 208. (This classic reference book discusses Darcy in
the context of the profession and his general efforts in fluid
mechanics. It shows Darcy was clearly a major contributor to
19th century hydraulic research.)
Internet
- La biographie du Darcy: City of Dijon.
http://perso.club-internet.fr/dijon21/darc.htm
- Darcy Biography: European Geophysical
Society. http://www.mpae.gwdg.de/EGS/egs_info/darcy.htm
- Henry Darcy and His Law. http://biosystems.okstate.edu/darcy
Please email
me if you have additional references.